Four men have been arrested in the UK over their role in illegal online marketplace Silk Road.
Three men in their early 20s were arrested in Manchester while a fourth man, in his 50s, was detained in Devon.
The men were initially arrested on suspicion of drug offences. More arrests are expected in the coming weeks.
Such sites would be a "key priority" for the UK's National Crime Agency (NCA), its director general said.
The Silk Road, one of the world's largest websites selling illegal drugs, has now been closed down.
Ross Ulbricht, the alleged operator of the site was arrested in San Francisco by the FBI at the beginning of October.
The site operated on Tor, a so-called "dark web" service that anonymises users, making it much more difficult for authorities to track locations. Such areas of the internet are not covered by standard search engines.
The site sold a range of items, but was most famous for offering a host of illegal drugs, paid for using virtual currency Bitcoin.
Keith Bristow, the NCA's director general, warned that users who think they can hide their identity on the internet need to think again.
"These arrests send a clear message to criminals; the hidden internet isn't hidden and your anonymous activity isn't anonymous. We know where you are, what you are doing and we will catch you."
"It is impossible for criminals to completely erase their digital footprint. No matter how technology-savvy the offender, they will always make mistakes."
Exeter-based officers worked closely with American law enforcement officers to identify significant UK users of the Silk Road.
It is hoped that the investigation will give them insights into how criminals use the dark net.
"These criminal areas of the internet aren't just selling drugs; it's where fraud takes place, where the trafficking of people and goods is discussed, where child abuse images are exchanged and firearms are traded," said Andy Archibald, head of the NCA's national cybercrime unit.
The Silk Road may now be defunct but it seems that users are planning to resurrect the service.
Technology news site TechCrunch reports that Silk Road version 2 could be "ready to launch".